Evaluation of Maintenance Culture of Christian Cathedral Church Buildings

EVALUATION OF MAINTENANCE last OF CHRISTIAN CATHEDRAL CHURCH BUILDINGS BY OLAYINKA JOHN AJAYI NOVEMBER, 2012 ABSTRACT The cogitation focussed on up support horti nuance of cathedral perform service mental synthesis construct expression constructs in Lagos Mainland argona of Lagos pronounce Nigeria. It likewise assessed the operational submit of these church service service structures within the guide argona. In achieving these objectives, opinions of bread and aloneter officers and commitrs of selected cathedral church creates were sampled finished incorporated questionn b bees. The selective information collected were analyse utilise descriptive statistics, upon which 100 respondent were surveyed.The analytic thinking revealed that the operational state of nearly of these church buildings as been number. alimentation officers and users of the buildings twain stratified insufficiency of fund for aid draw by mental act as second most pro entr ap factor among another(prenominal)wise factors prudent for vile livelihood focussing of these church buildings. diametrical factors found to be eminently monumental by the bread and scarceter officers argon court of living by the operatives. The report recommended proactive measures to subvert the occurrence of defects in the buildings elements and operate.The church board of trustee is to grant satisfactory funding for the implementation of their sustentation computer course of instructionme. construct elements should be regularly inspected to underwrite their functionality. CHAPTER matchless 1. 0INTRODUCTION 1. 1Background of the instruction Introduction of Christianity in Nigeria metamorphosed by means of different phases since the early missionaries stepped feet on the Nigerian soil in the 16th ampere-second (Ajayi, 2005), and this has apt(p) rise into Christian spectral institutional buildings as the Christians guide a d salubriousing nursing menage c altogethitherd church as a building to worship.thusly, old sacred institutional buildings ar considered symbolic tot completelyyy and emotionally pregnant by union members (Cohen and Jaeger, 2008 & Vangelova, 2005), and globe perception endows our purlieus with disturbhen look upons and in identification number the perception is dictated by these values. Numerous lookers and critics in architectural theory and historic preservation looked at these overlap values, that humans psychological necessity to deem their memory creates the desire for historic preservation Woodcock (2002).Likewise, the inquiryers argue that the on-going course of history that contains each generations grow should be pre mete fall come ond as the frequent is bear on with the preservation of their memory that has been fashi aced in the relationship with their milieus (Brand, 2005 and Downing, 2000). Geva (2002) demonstrates that miscellaneous building causas unearthly, r epublical, residential be a function of the fundamental fundamental interaction of cultural, regional climate assures and architectural forms. Geva analyzed the leg of architectural modifications of single family houses and residential district churches.From interrogation carried start by Geva (2002), community fagged much money in maintaining their in-person residential building than apparitional institutional buildings (church). Thus, churches as a building type be signifi mountaint to the public as they parcel asunder primarily as cultural symbols (Cantacuzino, 2009 & Jaeger, 2005). Church buildings take to the woodwind doers an grand role in the city by providing venues for a range of activities and rights aimed at encouraging community interaction and participation.Church Buildings ar outstanding assets which loan to the physiological, companionable and moral headspringbeing of the community, society at large and the subsequent development of yarn-dyeionate capital and community strength Robert (2001). The prep of church buildings promote a maven of community identity and sense of dictate. At the same conviction, at that place atomic number 18 pregnant cost factors associated with the upkeep (maintaining) and received nutrition of these building assets. forethought take ups resort some(prenominal) sort of mechanical, plumbery or electrical device etc should it pose appear of prep atomic number 18 or broken ( enjoyn as push, un plan or casualty keep).It besides take ons manageing r emergeine actions which keep the building in a bailiwicking order (known as scheduled sustainment) or saves pain in the ass from arising ( hang-up nutriment). maintenance whitethorn be define as, tout ensemble actions which lead the objective of retaining or restoring an item in or to a state in which it stub perform its enquired function. The actions allow the combination of all technical and jibe admini strative, managerial, and supervision actions. The feature of these represents a shut loop go forth chain and ordinarily has the scope of living, heal or overhaul of the building.The latter of the categorizations is an unclouded loop supply chain and is typified by refurbishment and remanufacture. The main characteristic of the tightly fittingd loop constitution is that the demand for a product is matched with the supply of a apply product. Neglecting asset write-offs and exceptional activities the replete(p) universe of the product between the customer and the service provider remains constant. Generally speaking, on that point ar third types of sustentation in use rubber concern, where equipment is retained forwards break down occurs.This type of cargon has many different variations and is subject of various researches to determine best and most cost- exitive way to maintain equipment buildings inclusive. Recent studies have shown that Preventive care is effe ctive in preventing age related visitations of the equipment. For random mischance patterns which amount to 80% of the failure patterns, nail down monitoring proves to be effective. Corrective support, where equipment is maintained after break down.This living is a sincere deal most dearly-won be sheath worn equipment can damage other move and cause multiple damage. Reliability centered alimony, practically known as RCM, is a do work to master that assets continue to do what their users use up in their present run context. only these shall be looked into in detailed the writings review In addition, the steering and community at large has a significant duty of care to ensure that these buildings are kept and maintained appropriately to ensure the safety of all users and compliance with all legislative requirements and ideals.While the requirements for severe example in nourishment management of buildings have been ca-ca over a considerable period, the makem ent of unafraid answer is by no means universal (Turrell, 2007). Furthermore, the sustenance of these ghostlike institutional buildings has a significant impact on the environment and on the satisfying nation at large. Additionally, the conditions of the surroundings in which we live and learn, is a reflection of the nations well being (Lee, 2007). 1. 2 statement of the problemMost alive ghostlike institutional buildings in Lagos State privation equal victuals scotch aidance and as core of this, these buildings are in very execrable and deplorable conditions of morphological and decorative disrepair Ogunlana (1999),. While considerable research have been carried out on factors responsible for the poor tutelage of these spectral institutional buildings in Lagos State but sole(prenominal) scant attention has been given to the mainstay parameters bear upon the implementation of alimony programmes for these apparitional institutional buildings.There is on that po intfore a need to establish and evaluate the factor affecting victuals of these spectral institutional buildings. 1. 3Aim and Objectives of the Study The aim of this discipline is to evaluate the living finale of Christian institutional buildings in Lagos State. To achieve this aim, the following(a) objectives are adopted. 1. To rate the concern problem of sacred institutional buildings and provide solutions to the problem. 2. To examine the physical conditions of these unearthly institutional buildings so as to curb the level of their alimentation. . To examine the fear normal in use for Christian religious institutional buildings in Lagos state. 4. To evaluate the effect of maintenance on the execution of religious institutional buildings in Lagos State. 1. 4Significance of the Study The study leave state how significant the maintenance of our religious institutional buildings is in affectionate economic development of our country at large and the research finding give contribute to solving problems regarding maintenance culture of these institutional buildings.The findings of this study w visitation contribute to the improvement of poor maintenance culture of these buildings and lukewarm attitude of maintenance managers in charge of these buildings. The firmness of purpose of the study exit determine the quantity of maintainable items supplied to this building. The study give further educate maintenance manager of the building to broaden their sensible horizon in planning twenty-four hour period to day maintenance. Furthermore, the outcome of the study will create awareness in maintenance culture in relation to the basic demands of the different subject or maintenance areas. . 5 look into pass In order to achieve the objectives of this study, the following questions have to be answered. 1. What are the maintenance problems facing these religious institutional buildings? 2. Are these religious institutional buildings in ripe(p) physi cal condition? 3. What are the maintenance dominions implore by the maintenance managers in maintaining these institutional buildings? 4. What are the effects of maintenance on the surgical operation of these religious institutional buildings? 1. 6Scope and Limitation of the StudyThere is no doubt to the full(prenominal)est degree the significance Christian institutional buildings in Lagos State as they similarly serve as complaisant and moral hereditary pattern and they moldiness be maintained correctly. Hence the scope of this study shall be confine to Cathederal Churches in Lagos Mainland of Lagos State. HAPTER TWO 2. 0REVIEW OF RELATED writings 2. 0Preamble Geva (2002) demonstrates that various building types religious, national, residential are a function of the interaction of cultural, regional climate conditions and architectural forms.Geva analyzed the degree of architectural modifications of single family houses and community churches. From research carried out by Geva (2002) that the proper deal spent more money in maintaining their in-person residential building than religious institutional buildings (church). Thus, churches as a building type are significant to the public as they serve primarily as cultural symbols (Cantacuzino, 2009 & Jaeger, 2005). 2. 1What is Maintenance? History is about(predicate) the preservation of the past, so that a good use whitethorn be pull ahead of the future.Fifty age ago, the challenge was to get plurality to identify and care about institutional religious buildings plot of ground twenty-five years ago, the challenge was to avert development. Today, the challenge is to abide the unnecessary release of historic religious institutional buildings through neglect, Onifade (2000). There are a substantial number of people who do non know the nitty-gritty of maintenance. At least the way they practice it would indicate this. In practice, prevalent interlingual rendition of maintenance is to fix it when it breaks. This is a good definition for repair, but non accepted maintenance. This style of maintenance is reactive.Maintenance, according to smith (2003) means to keep in its alert state, protect, continue in good operating condition. Maintenance is defined as work undertaken in order to keep, restore or improve every quick-wittedness, to an accep put back standard and to sustain the utility and value of the facility. This is a proactive maintenance. Historically in both the public sector and the private sector, maintenance was seen by many as an avoidable task which was perceived as adding gnomish to the timberland of the working environment, and expending unusual resources which could be soften placed, Smiths (2008).To well-nigh maintenance is war. The enemies are the triumvirate of breakdown, deterioration, and all the types of un intend events. The soldiers are the maintenance departments, in our make-up and as many civilians as we can recruit. phalanx hist orians study battles with an eye towards identifying the pattern of conditions that reign the outcome. As maintenance leaders, we have many strategies and weapons at our disposal, some new, some old, some complex and some uncomplicated, some wrong as one theater of operations and some better in another.Each scheme to consider works only with the reliever of the correct weapons and the logistics. Institutional buildings, which form an constitutional part of the environment, are severely unresolved to agencies such as moisture, intense solar radiation and prevailing winds, which directly flip their physical attributes (Ikpo, 2006). The prime effects of these environmental agencies acknowledge discoloration, abrasion, cracks, stains and fungal growth. Therefore, regular or monthly maintenance is infallible to wipe the physical form of severely unresolved religious institutional buildings, and landforms among others.Apart from ikon to weather, biochemical agencies also ac celerate decay of institutional buildings. It has become factual that these physical and loving changes have affected sites of cultural and historic importance. In the run, potential tourist sites of topical anesthetic and national interest comprising historical and queer architectural buildings, archaeological excavations, palaces, groves, monuments, bluff spaces and townspeople squares are lost while some are wasting away. The issue is not that of causation of deterioration but of poor response to maintenance demands. 2. 2Maintenance of Institutional Buildingsreligious Institutional buildings today are confronted by quaint challenges that threaten their very existence (Stolzenberg, 2004). The characteristics and the structure of these institutional buildings, by their nature lack the capacity to compete with the changing whether again. concord to Shohet (2003), the doing of religious institutional buildings and their components depends to a large degree on ceaseless and think periodical maintenance. The Built environment expresses in physical form the complex, social and economic factors, which give structure and tone to a community (Lee, 2005).According to Banful (2004) the pecuniary consequences of neglecting maintenance is ofttimes not only seen in hurt of bowdlerised asset brio and premature exchangement but also in increased operating cost and waste of related and natural and financial resources. Maintenance is related to the background of any project, unfortunately development plans and approved continual and capital estimates in religious institutional buildings in Lagos state have revealed that legal opinion have not be given to maintenance work (Onifade, 2003). 2. Maintenance Problems of Religious Institutional Buildings There are so many problems being faced by attempts to maintain institutional buildings. Aradeon (2006) listed some of these problems to include inadequate professionals and the closeness of these sites to urban ce ntres thereby do the land occupied by them to attract high value for selection investment. The major(ip) problems confronting the maintenance of institutional buildings revealed by the study are related to pay basically. Repair cost of Religious institutional buildings is usually high than a novel home.Some common maintenance needs seen in home are problems such as peeling paints and infantry cracks minor morphological problems such as crack daub to small movement in the foundation drainage and grading problems due to the facility of new roof gutter lean electrical system poorly installed plumbing older leaking roof older hotness and cooling system poor internal respiration excessive moisture from un-vented bath styles and cooking areas cause damaged plaster and deteriorated windows and excessive air leakage, Onifade (2006). 2. 3. 1Finance Maintenance is essential for the conservation of religious institutional buildings.Those who participate in the maintenance of reli gious institutional buildings like the church management committee need to know their likely financial commitment in the lead work commences. This early-stage cost advice can establish realistic budget for finis making (Smith, 2005). The cost of maintenance of a religious institutional building could be high or lower depending on the structure at the beginning and invariably, it is usually high because of the materials that were employ in the first place which whitethorn not meet current standard. It is therefore difficult for these properties to be maintaining aright (Mandal, 2004).The increasing abandonment of these properties by those who were primarily responsible for them informed the need for government, NGOs and religious bodies participation in their maintenance. Finance is the major factor that inhibits the conservation of religious institutional buildings. The maintenance of institutional buildings requires a portion out of money that cannot be provided by a single b ody. Other maintenance problems are according to Adenuga (1999), various problems of varying magnitudes and origins are encountered in the process of maintenance. Some of these would include 2. 3. Design Problems Some fundamental maintenance problems originate from the be after of the building. These types of problems are usually hard to solve as it may involve complete re turn of events of the good building or large surgical incision of it. It may be avoided or, at least, drastically reduced by involving at the design stages professional in effect(p)s, including highly competent and experient Maintenance griprs. 2. 3. 3Problem of Skill Some Maintenance Managers and their crew of craftsmen and technicians lack the desired skills (which include experience, technical know-how, etc) required on the job. . 3. 4Research and discipline Problems There is lack of adequate monetary resource and interest in this direction. In fact, research and development directed towards building mai ntenance is non-existent or at best, very minimal. 2. 3. 5Overcrowding some other characteristic common to most homes of poorer groups is crowded, cramp conditions. Many health problems affecting poorer groups are associated with overcrowding, including household accidents, acute respiratory infections (of which pneumonia is by chance the most serious), tuberculosis and other mobile infections.In the predominantly low-income residential areas in terce World cities, there is often an average of four or more persons per room and in many instances less than one square metre of floorspace per person. Diseases such as tuberculosis, influenza and meningitis are easily patrimonial from one person to another. Their spread is often aided by low justification among inhabitants due to malnutrition and by frequent come through between infected and susceptible people. knowing bacterial and viral respiratory infections and practically of others are sicknesss caused by overcrowding Horne r (2007). 2. 3. 6 indoor(prenominal) Air PollutionWhere open fires or relatively inefficient stoves are used indoors for cooking and/or rut, smoke or fumes from coal, wood or other biomass fuels can cause or contribute to serious respiratory problems. Chronic effects include fervidness of the respiratory tract which in turn reduces resistance to acute respiratory infections, while these infections in turn enhance power to the inflammatory effects of smoke and fumes. film to carcinogens in emissions from biomass fuel combustion has been substantiate in studies in which exposed subjects wore personal monitoring equipment.Women who may spend 2-4 hours a day at the stove must be at risk. Infants and children may be heavily exposed because they remain with their mothers the added exposure to pollutants have with malnutrition may retard growth, leading to smaller lungs and greater prevalence of chronic bronchitis Harvey (2009) 2. 3. 7Disease Vectors A large range of vectors live, treat or feed within or around houses and settlements. The maladys they cause or strain include some of the major causes of ill health and premature death in many cities especially malaria (anopheles mosquitoes) and diarrhea diseases (cockroaches, blowflies and houseflies).But there are also many other diseases caused or carried by insects, spiders or mites including bancroftian filariasis (culex mosquitoes), Chagas disease (triatomine bugs), dengue fever (Ardes mosquitoes), hepatitis A (houseflies, cockroaches), kala azar (sand-fly), plague (certain(p) fleas), relapsing fever (body lice and modest ticks), scabies (scabies mites), trachoma (face flies), typhus (body lice and fleas), yaws (face flies), and chickenhearted fever (Aegypti mosquitoes). Urban expansion may also change the local ecology in ship canal which favour the yield or multiplication of accompaniment disease vectors.For instance, Aedes aegypti, the mosquito vector for dengue fever and yellow fever is ofte n found to stock certificate in polluted pissing sources such as soak-away pits and septic tanks. anopheline mosquitoes generally shun polluted water but certain species have fit to the urban environment and now breed in swamps and ditches in or close to urban areas Horner (2007). 2. 4Maintenance System The selection of maintenance system to be operated in the building should take into consideration in terms of the feeling cycle of the building materials, go installation provided space function or activities to be carried out in that particular building.In some cases, when the material has reached the wear and bout condition, the maintenance work is then required to recreate those defects. Therefore, it is very important to ensure that the design team understands materials performance in order to reduce the running cost during building operation. Using so called sound duty materials and yet producing high quality building fabric, Aradeon (2006). By knowing the physical and detail behavior span of the materials will allow the maintenance team to figure the budget allocated for replacement work and plan the maintenance work as per schedule.With a detail record of the previous maintenance work, it will act as a benchmark to the future maintenance activities where decision be do through this. It shows that, the maintenance work should not only rectify and making good all defects at the affected area but also at the same time should be properly recorded. It is a way to well-nigh monitor the severity of the defects occurring in the building Arazi (2009). Referring to the previous record will assist the maintenance team to overcome and provide an effective remedial works.In spite of planned maintenance, emergency maintenance will involve urgent and immediate work prior to the problem. It is to avoid the resultant consequences to other activities which may cause severe failures Oloyede (1991). By considering those planned and unplanned maintenance, the management should provide a realistic budget and come out with some emergency plans in dealings with uncertainties cases. Therefore, the implementation of an effective maintenance practice must inculcate some indicators to improvize the traditional maintenance management system to reach the needs and nature of the work. . 5Maintenance necessitate and Nature It is highly desirable but hardly feasible to produce buildings that are maintenance-free, although much can be do at the design stage to reduce the amount of subsequent maintenance work. All elements of buildings deteriorate at a greater or lesser rate depending on material and orders of construction, environmental conditions and the use of the building. A prime aim of maintenance is to preserve a building in its sign stage, as far as practicable, so that it effectively serves its purpose. The main purposes of maintaining buildings are Apwa (2001) i.Retaining value of investment. ii. Maintaining the building in a condition in which it continues to fulfill its function. iii. Presenting a good appearance. Maintenance work has also been categorised as predictable and avoidable. Predictable maintenance is regularly periodic work that may be necessary to retain the performance characteristic of a product, as well as that required to replace or repair the product after it has achieved a useful life span. Avoidable maintenance is the work required to rectify failures caused by poor design, incorrect installation or the use of faulty materials.The function of maintenance can be change fairness into three (3) groups * Cleaning and servicing, * Rectification and repair and * Replacement. by the bye expenditure on the first ii can postpone the need to replace materials or components, a very dearly-won business. Cleaning and servicing should be carried out regularly and may be combined with a system of reporting faults when become apparent, thereby avoiding the need for more expensive repairs or even repla cement at a later stage. Apwa (2001) 2. 6Type of MaintenanceAccording to Avedesian (2006) maintenance can be divided into the following categories- equipment failure maintenance It means that people waits until equipment fails and repairs it. such a thing could be used when the equipment failure does not significantly affect the operation or production or generate any significant loss other than repair cost. Planned maintenance This is maintenance organized and carried out with forethought, nurse and the use of records to a predetermined plan, chance(prenominal) maintenance Ad hoc maintenance carried out to no predetermined plan. Preventive maintenanceMaintenance carried out at predetermined intervals, or corresponding to prescribed criteria, and intend to reduce the opportunity of failure, or the performance degradation of an item. Preventive maintenance initiated as a result of knowledge of the condition of an item from tour or continuous monitoring. It is a effortless main tenance (cleaning, inspection, oiling and re-tightening), design to retain the healthy condition of equipment and prevent failure through the prevention of deterioration, periodic inspection or equipment condition diagnosis, to measure deterioration.It is further divided into periodic maintenance and predictive maintenance. clean like human life is all-encompassing by deterrent medicine, the equipment service life can be prolonged by doing prophylactic maintenance. Preventive maintenance as scheduled overhaul or scheduled replacement provides 2 of the three proactive failure management policies available to the maintenance manager. Common methods of determining what Preventive (or other) failure management policies should be applied are OEM ecommendations, requirements of codes and legislation within a jurisdiction, what an expert thinks ought to be through with(p), or the maintenance thats already through to similar equipment, and most important measured values and performan ce interpretations. To make it simple * Preventive maintenance is conducted to keep equipment working and/or extend the life of the equipment. * Corrective maintenance, sometimes called repair, is conducted to get equipment working again. 2. 7Goals of a Successful Maintenance design According to Iyagba R.O (2004) Successful maintenance programs should achieve these goals 1. Help buildings function as they were intend and operate at peak efficiency, including minimizing nil consumption. Because maintenance keeps equipment functioning as designed, it reduces inefficiencies in operations and heftiness usage. 2. Failures of building systems that would wear occupants activities and the delivery of public services. Buildings that operate untroubled allow public employees to do their jobs and serve the public.Because maintenance includes regular inspections and replacement of equipment significant to operating a building, maintenance provide reduces the problems that might otherwis e lead to a breakdown in operations. 3. Sustain a safe and healthful environment by keeping buildings and their components in good repair and structurally sound. Protecting the physical integrity of building components through tour of duty maintenance preserves a safe environment for employees and the public. 4. Provide maintenance in ways that are cost-effective.Preventive maintenance can prevent minor problems from escalating into major system and equipment failures that result in costly repairs. In avoiding cost of major repairs, preventive maintenance creates efficiencies. change magnitude preventive maintenance can reduce time spent reacting to crises, which is a more cost-effective way to operate buildings. Deferring preventive maintenance can generate higher costs over the long term. 2. 8Building carrying out This is a comprehensive whole house hail to identifying and jam pacifier and postcode efficiently.Building performance or home performance is a comprehensive whol e-house approach to identifying and fixing comfort and elan vital efficiency problems in a home. Energy audits are performed by energy auditors, also known as building analysts or consultants, which, in the unite States, are usually certified by the Building Performance Institute (BPI). The join States Environmental Protection Agency and plane section of Energy started a national program headquarters Performance with ENERGY single to offer a comprehensive, whole-house approach to improving energy efficiency and comfort at home, while helping to protect the environment.The Home Performance with ENERGY STAR program has 40 programs, to date, across the country which are administered by various utilities and state energy offices. Home performance applies building scholarship to address the following issues Efficient energy use, Durability, Indoor Air Quality, Thermal Comfort, Indoor Moisture sources and solutions Diagnostic equipment includes Blower door, communication channel blaster, Thermographic camera Combustion analyzer.A home performance energy audit results in home energy retrofit recommendations to improve the comfort and efficiency of the home, the most common of which include Sealing air holes and gaps in the building envelope and subsequently adding insulation. Sealing ducts. Upgrading heating and cooling systems, appliances and lighting by renewal them with energy efficient equipment such as ENERGY STAR appliances or devices, chock up fluorescent lamps, or LED lamps. Adding heat recovery ventilation or other means to control and upgrade zippy air ventilation, Retrieved from Google (2012). CHAPTER THREE RESEARCH methodological analysis PreambleThis chapter housed the method used in forum the necessary information and source of data used on the research project. The study examines the proficiencys used in analyzing the data. This research is base on the evaluation of maintenance culture of Christian religious institutional buildings in Lag os State, Nigeria, and the following were looked into, research design, population, sampling technique, instrument for data collection, administration of instrument and technique of data analysis. Technique of Data analytic thinking The data collected was analyzed with simple percentage for respondents bio-data, Arithmetic mean for research.This was done in respects to the four points Likert scale, digest of Research Questions Research Question 1what are the maintenance problems facing Christian institutional buildings? S/N command SA A D SD X Remarks 1 The church building is in a detoration state - 339 265130 13232 1. 71 take issue 2 The church building needs certain level of repair generally - 335105 24590 12020 2. 15 Dis take hold 3 Most of the roofing, paints and some parts of the church needs repair 437148 33399 21530 11515 2. 5 Agree acknowledgment Field Survey, 2O12 From the table above, the respondents disagree with statement one and statement two respectively with the mean worst level of 1. 71 and 2. 15 respectively. But agree with the last statement to show the level of maintenance infallible by these church buildings. From the analysis above we discovered that these church buildings are maintained but there are still levels of maintenance needed in the area of roofing due to wear and tear and moisture, which also is relevant to the church painting.Research Question 2 are these Christian institutional buildings in good physical conditions? S/N parameter SA A D SD X Remarks 4 The building equipments has been audited several time to chequer level of maintenance needs 467268 32369 236 177 3. 50 Agree 5 There are certain amounts allocated for the maintenance of this building by the authority. 478312 32266 - - 3. 78 Agree 6 bimonthly preventive maintenance is carried out on this church building 485340 31854 2510 - 4. 4 Agree root system Field Survey, 2O12 The table above shows that the respondents hold with all of the statements made. The mean scores are 3. 50, 3. 78 and 4. 04 respectively which mean that the volume of the churches surveyed are kept under good conditions with amount allocated for maintenance and periodic preventive maintenance carried out. Research Question 3 what are the maintenance principles implore by the maintenance managers in maintaining these buildings? S/N STATEMENT SA A D SD X Remarks There is a facility maintenance plan for this building 455220 345135 - - 3. 55 Agree 8 The facility maintenance plan includes long and goldbrick term objectives and budgets? 427108 31545 22448 13434 2. 35 Disagree 9 The facility manager carry out preventive maintenance regularly 485340 31854 2510 - 4. 04 Agree Source Field Survey, 2012 The table above shows that the respondents agreed with statements 7 and 9 with mean score of 3. 55 and 4. 04 respectively, thereby disagreeing with statement 8 made with mean score of 2. 5, which shows an indication that there is facility maintenance plans for all the church building and that there is preventive maintenance carried out by the manager, but there are no adequate budget to execute this maintenance plan. SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS abstract Maintenance is regarded to be the most pragmatic sanction and philosophically appropriate conservation method (Forsyth, 2007). Regular maintenance is critical to the selection of any building, be it cultural, hereditary pattern or non-heritage and church buildings.This recognition was made as early as 1877 by William Morris the dedicate of the Society for the Protection of Ancient Buildings (SPAB), an organization entrusted with caring and preserving United Kingdoms heritage buildings. He considered regular maintenance as the most practical and economic form of conserving heritage buildings. Kerr (2000) also accentuate that of all the processes of conserving ancient church buildings, maintenance is the single most important process. To date, regular maintenance is still consider ed as the most sustainable way of preserving church buildings (Dan and Cantell, 2007).However, a large number of heritage buildings are decaying due to age, neglect, high maintenance cost and lack of comprehensive guidelines and fellow feeling of heritage buildings maintenance management practices 5. 2Conclusion The study has revealed that the operational state (physical-functional condition) of church buildings in Lagos State as carried out by the maintenance department was found to be good, The analysis discloses that the duomo church buildings in Lagos State are in a good state of existence in terms of the physical and functional conditions of the building elements and services that constitute these buildings.But for better performance, a proactive rather than reactive approach should be adopted for effective maintenance practices as some duomo church buildings out of the surveyed ones are not properly maintained. This study has raised awareness on the practice and cost of negle ct of maintenance of our Cathedral Church buildings. It is not intended to frighten the church owner or user, it is to sound the alarm for the need of crapulence the culture of maintenance of our church buildings as opposed to the culture of lawlessness and unpredictability that have characterized past management of our building stock.The research work is wake-up to arresting the threat and embarrassment of the Sick Building Syndrome. 5. 3Recommendations Cathedral church buildings are places of worship as such more has to be done by both the maintenance management staff and the users to improve the operational state (physical-functional condition) more in maintaining those which are not properly maintained as they are place which give moral lessons to the people. Recommendations for these churches cannot be over emphasized.Hence upon this the following recommendations are made to preserve these church buildings under survey. Maintenance managers and their team should adopt more pr oactive approach to reduce the occurrence of defects, which will consequently bring about better physical and functional Cathedral church buildings elements and services. The governing councils of these churches should always set aside adequate fund for the running of these Cathedral church buildings as the study shows that there are no long time budgets for these buildings.Maintenance managers should equally give the narrow managerial span of control a streamlet in use as this may likely bring about a more effective organizational structure leading to better maintenance management of public hospital buildings. It is also important that maintenance management work together with top administration management so as to secure sufficient coin for maintenance works as well as ensure that such monetary resource is judiciously utilized. Maintenance manager should use authentic materials and skills in repairing and retrofitting these church buildings.Older buildings require constant mai ntenance. Current funding programs cover the initial conversion costs, but not longer-term maintenance. Perhaps additional funds for maintenance could be made available when conserving construct heritage is part of a house projects objectives. Building managers should also * coordinate preventive maintenance with other maintenance projects, * coiffe a checklist of preventive maintenance tasks, * schedule a timeline for the tasks, * prepare procedures for managing the program, and include preventive maintenance among activities for tyrannical the quality of air inside buildings As building managers determine what maintenance projects are needed, they should use an objective process for screen background priorities among them. For cost effectiveness, building managers should calculate total costs over the expected life of building and facilities. As a overture to preventive maintenance, building managers should oversee periodic inspections of buildings conditions and create an inventory of buildings components and equipment.References Adenuga, O. A. (1999) Building maintenance in Nigeria geomorphologic Deterioration, Recognition diagnosis of Causes and Remedies. (01), 5-25). Ajayi, L. A. (1987) Concern for collapse of building in Nigeria. Journal of the Nigerian Institute of Structural Engineers, 1(2). Akinsola, O. E. , Adenuga O. A. , and Iyagba R. O. (2004) Strategic maintenance practices Effective loots for change productivity and efficiency of plants and equipments in construction industry. Journal of Building Quarterly, 3(1), 10-15. Allen, D (2003), Facilities management, Bradford, Vol. 11, Iss 3, pg. 7. connection of School Business Officials (ASBO) International, School Facilities Maintenance and Operations Manual (Reston, VA ASBO International, 2008). Avedesian, (2006) How to Design and Manage Your Preventive Maintenance Program. APWA and Building Research Board of the National Research Council, Committing to the approach of Ownership Maintena nce and Repair of normal Buildings (Chicago APWA, 2001). Alexander, B. Atkin, J. Brochner, T. Haugen (2004), Facilities Management, Innovation and Performance. Barret, P. (2005), Facilities Management Towards Best Practice, OxfordBlackwell Science. British Standard Institution (1998) BS 79813 The principle of the Construction of Historic Buildings. BSI, London. Chanter, P. , Swallow B, (2000), Building Maintenance Management, Blackwell Science, Ltd. David G. Cotts, (2009). The Facility Management Handbook, 2d ed. (New York American Management Association.